It is often used to implement an information-hiding mechanism. Sharing helps me continue to create free Python resources. So an interface can capture just features relevant to the client, which is much simpler than the full implementation. This example implements information hiding and applies additional validation before changing the values of your object attributes. It means that all of the object's data is contained and hidden in the object and access to it . It's become the de-facto programming language in many industries due to its combined versatility and accessibility. Encapsulation suggests that one class must not have access to another classs (private) data. Huge up-front hit in migrating legacy code as it often has to re-designed. The important features of oop like abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance are really helpful when we program for real world applications. This access modifier is also restricting some access but not as much as private. As explained earlier, you can use the encapsulation concept to implement an information-hiding mechanism. Just a normal declaration and returning that value. Staff working on a project can develop their own library of software objects, letting programmers use each other's work easily and reducing the hours needed to develop programs. If the coffee is especially delicious, you might drink it until your cup is empty. If this definition of encapsulation is not clear to you, it may be because you are not familiar with the concept of abstraction. Makes the application easier to understand. Because object libraries contain many useful functions, software developers don't have to reinvent the wheel as often; more of their time goes into making the new program. Use the getter method to access data members and the setter methods to modify the data members. void set(int b) You implement an information-hiding mechanism by making your class attributes inaccessible from the outside. Languages like C++, C#, Java, PHP, Swift, and Delphi offer ways to restrict access to data fields. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is an approach to software programming based on the concept of objects, which are collections of data and associated methods that can manipulate that data. This greatly simplifies the development process, as it allows developers to write code that is more generic and can be used in multiple contexts. The features of encapsulation are supported using classes in most object-oriented languages, although other alternatives also exist. { Constructors provide a good mechanism to support encapsulation. You bundle it with methods that provide read or write access. return y; By only using getter methods in a class, one can make a read-only class. Furthermore, depending on the language and implementation, functional programming can lead to slower performance than traditional imperative programming. Question 2. It is not necessary for code works but it makes your code cleaner and more understandable. Lets see another real-life example with code: In this example, "Employee" class has been defined with three data members (ID, name, and joinyear) and six methods (getId(), getName(), getYear(), setId(), setName(), and setYear()). In certain aspects, they can be repeated. It also provides the control functionality over the data, which means we can provide the logic inside the method per our requirement. Normally encapsulation comes under the object-oriented programming languages that mean it is an attribute of object design. Software Developer, Graphic Designer, Svelte and Tailwind Specialist with 13 years of experience. It allows private and protected access levels to prevent accidental data modification. The main disadvantages of OOP are: Size: Object Oriented programs are much larger than other programs. It means that all of the object's data is contained and hidden in the object and access to it is restricted to members of that class. See the below example of how encapsulation can be done: So these were the advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation. This is because inheritance creates a strong connection between classes, but weakens encapsulation within a class hierarchy. Public data members are accessible within and outside of a class. The brewCoffee method shows another benefit of the different access modifiers. advantages and disadvantages of basic programming language pet friendly places for rent in edmonton alberta / jennifer nicholson mark norfleet / advantages and disadvantages of basic programming language OOP represents Object-Oriented Programming. class Encapsulation_Benefits You bundle a set of attributes that store the current state of the object with a set of methods using these attributes. 3. Follow me on Twitter. Encapsulation_Benefits EB_obj; You can clone this and all other classes of the CoffeeMachine example project at https://github.com/thjanssen/Stackify-OopAbstraction. By definition, encapsulation describes the idea of bundling data and methods that work on that data within one unit, like a class in Java. Effort: Requires a complex designing and developing procedures. The contents of this type are known and accessible only to the implementation of the API functions; clients cannot directly access its contents. Basically, encapsulation is a method that combines the different elements into a single new entity to hide and protect the data. (2021, February 16). Rapid Modeling: Class prototyping using diagrams. ), sometimes by mechanism like name mangling (Python), or special keyword usage like friend in C++. Generally, your public API should be as lean as possible. Lets consider a simple example of a washing machine; in this scenario, we just switch on the machines power button, and the machine gets started, and after some time, we switch off the power button of the machine, then the machine stops. Inheritance allows a parent-child relationship between objects. Bolton, David. Encapsulation refers to data winding into a single unit known as class. In other words, they can not be accessed directly by any object or method outside the class. This allows developers to easily create reusable objects that can be used in different parts of an application. [1] Encapsulation allows developers to present a consistent and usable interface which is independent of how a system is implemented internally. The main benefit of encapsulation is that we can hide the information from the user. Any changes made to the base class's implementation will affect all subclasses in the class hierarchy. The default access modifier doesnt allow for usage outside of its package but protected data structures can be used in subclasses that are outside of its package. This builds ease of use. Passionate with coding, In love with learning, ambitious to implementing them to his life. Data Hiding: The user would not be knowing what is going on behind the scene. [2], In object-oriented programming languages, and other related fields, encapsulation refers to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination thereof:[3][4]. We can access private members from outside of a class using the following two approaches, Example: Access Private member outside of a class using an instance method. If you take a closer look at the setQuantity method, you can see that we also implemented an additional validation. As we already know, encapsulation is about designing classes for both private implementation and public interface. So the quantity of the Coffee has to be greater or equal to zero. Let's look at an example to further illustrate this concept. What are the Various Access Specifiers for Java Classes? Classes can contain private, protected and public members. Encapsulation offers a way for us to access the required variable without providing the program full-fledged access to all variables of a class. Encapsulation -. In software systems, encapsulation refers to the bundling of data with the mechanisms or methods that operate on the data. int main() The name mangling is created on an identifier by adding two leading underscores and one trailing underscore, like this _classname__dataMember, where classname is the current class, and data member is the private variable name. Effective problem solving. The class uses two private attributes to store information about the CoffeeSelection and the quantity of the drink. The main benefit of encapsulation is that we can hide the information from the user. To define a protected member, prefix the member name with a single underscore _. Public APIs should only include the methods which are intended for other parts of the application or access by external clients. As you know, we cant access the private variable from the outside of that class. "Definition of Encapsulation in Computer Programming." The Java programming language provides the setter and getter methods to make classes read-only and write-only. The word Encapsulation means that closing something like we put the main power of the tablet inside the capsule. Larger than other programs. You can also provide getter and/or setter methods for attributes to be readable or updatable by other classes. Definition of Encapsulation in Computer Programming. Answer: Object-oriented programming computer programs is one of the most helpful ideas in present-day programming, however, its a long way from being awesome. All the best for your future Python endeavors! Advantages and Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) This reading discusses advantages and disadvantages of object-oriented programming, which is a well-adopted programming style that uses interacting objects to model and solve complex programming tasks. from scratch. After every sip you take, your cup contains a little bit less. It helps to reduce complexity and improve code reusability, while providing a more intuitive approach to . After summing up the differences, one can say that an abstraction consists of how an object and its behaviors are presented to the user (interface) and encapsulation is a methodology that helps the programmer create this interface! ThoughtCo. For example, we don't need to know how the engine or shafts work in order to drive the car. 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To implement proper encapsulation in Python, we need to use setters and getters. In the above example, we can see how encapsulation is used to group together data attributes within the "Car" class, along with the methods that operate on those components. It basically chips away at Class, Object, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation and Inheritance. As we can deduce from its meaning, the public keyword allows usage wherever, even outside of where it is declared. . Therefore, when we use encapsulation in programming, it minimizes the complexity of the program, avoids human error, and protects the information. Encapsulation in programming is the process of combining elements to create a new entity for the purpose of hiding or protecting information. 7171 Warner AveSuite B787Huntington Beach, CA 92647866-638-7361. Access modifiers limit access to the variables and methods of a class. A capsule does not let it's contents out so ingredients can stay together. After doing encapsulation, the variables and the data of one class cannot be used in another class and this data can be used by the member functions of the same class. In other words, the default members access is limited to the current or the same package. A language mechanism for restricting direct access to some of the object's components. Encapsulation is one of the core concepts in object-oriented programming and describes the bundling of data and methods operating on this data into one unit. In more recent years, they have been combined with modern frameworks such as React and Svelte to create powerful web applications. As one example, encapsulation can be used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class, preventing direct access to them by clients in a way that could expose hidden implementation details or violate state invariance maintained by the methods. These actions can be thought of as the methods of the "Car" class. Data can be handled through the objects. Now lets see the example of encapsulation in C++ to better understand the benefits of encapsulation as follows. It is also extensible, as objects can be extended to include new attributes and behaviors. All object-oriented programming (OOP) systems support encapsulation, but encapsulation is not unique to OOP. The method of hiding details of a class is called abstraction. The size of the programs is large. We have covered this difference in the last section of this blog. It implies that public class members (classes, methods, or data members) can be accessed using object of other classes. Object-Oriented Programming languages such as C++, Java and Visual Basic were developed by computer scientists to speed programming and improve the quality of software. 2022 - EDUCBA. This is called information hiding. The code which is encapsulated looks more cleaner and flexible, and can be changed as per the needs. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The attributes configMap, beans, grinder and brewingUnit store the current state of the CoffeeMachine object. One of the main advantages of OOP is that it allows developers to create modular, reusable code. Another benefit of encapsulation is that we reduce human error because we write code in a proper manner and suitable. When programmers step in to change it, the text eventually becomes disorganized and harder to follow. 100 Days of Code: The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp for 2023. . For example, lets consider if some member we declared as private and we need to make it directly accessible from anywhere outside the class, so we just need to change the private keyword and write the public. The conjured object is consenting to handle the message and, if essential, return worth in the predetermined structure. For explaining the protected keyword, we have to briefly mention another OOP principle, Inheritance. Advantages of using OOP constructors and overloading constructors:-C++ provides OOP constructors so that we should not have to call any function explicitly for the initialization of its members, and it will initialize as soon as the object is created. Similarly, by only using setter methods, one can make a write-only class. This programming tutorial will discuss encapsulation, its benefits, and how it can be implemented in Java. This helps to reduce the amount of code that needs to be written, as developers can reuse the existing code instead of having to re-write it. No, right? C++, Java, and many more programming languages support the object-oriented language. Different objects know about the configuration to send messages into the object by using the public service. One of the primary advantages of functional programming is its improved code readability. In other words, public class members have no restriction on the scope, and they can be accessible from everywhere in the program. On the off chance that you are managing enormous frameworks with many classes, this kind of circumstance can rapidly turn crazy with a few layers of thump on changes required. Especially for larger projects, OOP helps reduce the cost of programming labor. a filter coffee or an espresso. If we want to avoid this issue by using a Setter method, we should add a condition once to the Setter Method of age: Getter and Setter methods also let us create Read-Only Class and Write-Only Class. This concept is often used to hide the internal state representation of an object from the outside. software design then consists of finding a set of instructions that will perform the . Free coding exercises and quizzes cover Python basics, data structure, data analytics, and more. The Coffee class provides a good example of the information-hiding mechanism and represents a drink that was brewed by the CoffeeMachine. Such method should be declared as private so that the user does not have access to it. In the above example, the salary is a private variable. The public keyword is very common and we can see it in any programming language. Inheritance reduces data redundancy. Answer: The program written can be reused. This allows for a balance between encapsulation and use of inheritance. By keeping information hidden, or we can say that it is private in programming language and offering public obvious assistance techniques, the part of the object turns out to be obvious to different objects. The similarity has been explained by programming language theorists in terms of existential types. So encapsulation and abstraction work together to create a clear separation between the interface and implementation of a class, making it easier to understand and maintain the code. Encapsulation. However, the convention is that a variable whose name is prefixed by an underscore should be considered private.[11]. The time effort of developers can also be reduced with inheritance, and it provides a better understanding of code to other developers as well, working in a team. Also, exempt some of the subclasses that need direct access to an attribute or internal method. The details of this processing are not relevant to the general user and are therefore abstracted. The object takes requests from other client objects without exposing details of its data or methods. This can be accomplished by adding new classes which implement existing methods, and the existing classes are left alone. Class is used to merge the information and function into a single entity, and the class contains the different members as follows. Public methods and attributes become part of the public API of your class and of any component in which you include them. This beauty of encapsulation helps achieve abstraction and makes complex implementations look as easy as pressing a key. This mechanism reduces the accessibility of attributes to the current class and uses public getter and setter methods to control and restrict external access to these attributes. Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP). Flexibility through polymorphism. A class combines data and function into a single unit. So here is the summary of the comparison between inheritance and abstraction: Encapsulation can provide several benefits to a software system: Enjoy learning, Enjoy algorithms, Enjoy OOPS! We can change the code read-only or write-only by getter and setter methods. So these are some parameters we use in encapsulation to now lets see actual benefits of encapsulation. C++ supports encapsulation and data hiding with user-defined types called classes. Also, encapsulation allows us to restrict accessing variables and methods directly and prevent accidental data modification by creating private data members and methods within a class. For example, medicine is some mixture encapsulated inside a pill that we can use when we need it. If we update age directly with the = operator, we may cause unintended side effects somewhere else in our code. EB_obj.set(7); ; A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the methods (or other functions) operating on those data. OOP systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems. These methods are not special methods like constructors and they do not have to be written. Additionally, the use of higher-order functions can lead to code that is more difficult to follow. By definition, encapsulation describes the idea of bundling data and methods that work on that data within one unit, like a class in Java. The shielding of the information implies that should the arrangement of the private information need to change for reasons unknown, the object summoning strategies on the object whose information has changed wont have to change the configuration they send their messages in. Here you can see an overview of the different access modifiers and the accessibility of the attributes or methods. Encapsulation can be achieved by adding the private specifier to the variables. Just like the Read-Only class, if we do not use any Getter methods and only use Setter methods, it makes that class Write-Only. Objects have a set of properties, which can be used to store and manipulate data, and methods, which are the actions that can be performed on the object. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Here we discussed the basic theory of Encapsulation with its benefits along with the examples of Encapsulation. A protected access modifier is similar to a private access modifier, but access level is limited to the same class or any subclass inherited from that class. The four main principles of object-oriented programming are encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Python is versatile and neat. The available quantity of a drink changes over time. It is a pretty ordinary situation if we do not use any other access modifier. (OOP). Difference between default and protected steps in here. Like how we use medicine when we get sick. In object-oriented programming, encapsulation is an attribute of object design. This mechanism is called encapsulation; see here, there is no complexity to handle the washing machine in a similar way. To master OOP a beginner must learn new, abstract concepts such as polymorphism -- reusing objects while adding new features to them -- and encapsulation -- hiding parts of an object's internal data to improve security -- neither of which ideas are found in older styles of programming. [8] As described by the yo-yo problem, overuse of inheritance and therefore encapsulation, can become too complicated and hard to debug. OOP Concept for Beginners: What is Abstraction? With improved software quality, developers spend less time fixing malfunctioning programs, further reducing labor costs. We usually come across the OOP term and its principles in languages like C# . Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP), including abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Advantages Re-usability: You can redevelop a program using a previous codes. Some languages like Smalltalk and Ruby only allow access via object methods, but most others (e.g., C++, C#, Delphi or Java) offer the programmer a degree of control over what is hidden, typically via keywords like public and private. Methods and attributes that use the public modifier can be accessed within your current class and by all other classes. Attributes and methods with the access modifier protected can be accessed within your class, by all classes within the same package and by all subclasses within the same or other packages. From the above article, we have learned the basic theory of Encapsulation, and we also see examples of Encapsulation. The primary thing to know about OOP is encapsulation, which is the idea that each object which holds the program is self-sustainable . Did you find this page helpful? What are the advantages or disadvantages of using Object-Oriented Programming Constructors and overloading Constructors? Class Encapsulation: Our implementation might contain an internal implementation of a class that stores and processes specific information. To encapsulate abstraction, heres an extract from the same book of Grady Booch: "An abstraction denotes the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from all other kinds of objects and thus provide crisply defined conceptual boundaries, relative to the perspective of theviewer.". It requires less maintenance and is more secured. It describes the idea of wrapping data and the methods that work on data within one unit, e.g., a class in Java. If youve read our previous post about abstraction, you already saw several examples for encapsulation. This allows for flexibility in the design of a class, as the implementation can be modified without affecting the interface. On the other hand, if a customer object is refreshing the value straightforwardly, you will have to change the code in the customer object by changing the information type. In essence, its simply how you design a Java class. Advantages of Encapsulation Encapsulation can provide several benefits to a software system: Increased code reusability: Encapsulation allows us to define a class once and create multiple objects from that class. Object-oriented programming is a powerful tool for developing software applications. Encapsulation almost helps all of these aims of OOP and therefore it has been very important and necessary to learn. Modularity for easier troubleshooting. Bolton, David. In the previous programming types, a programme writer was presented with a computational activity to solve the problem. This makes it easier for other developers to read and understand the code. As a rule of thumb, you should always use the most restrictive modifier that still allows you to implement your business logic. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/definition-of-encapsulation-958068. Try your free, 14-day Retrace trial today! Not only do these concepts take time to learn, they may be too complex for younger would-be programmers or those who program only occasionally. By using OOP, we aim to create more functional, shorter, cleaner, easier to maintain, more secure, and reusable codes. only written here is, what you will remember, and what you will say. }; Because just the most necessary information is shown to the user, it helps to enhance the security of an application or software. /* This Main method can check the balance via the public, * "CheckBalance" method provided by the "Account" class, * but it cannot manipulate the value of "accountBalance" */, // API functions that operate on 'Entity' objects. Become part of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming ( OOP ) called classes theorists in of! Considered private. [ 11 ] protected member, prefix the member name with a unit!, including abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction, encapsulation is about designing classes both! To OOP previous programming types, a programme writer was presented with computational... With its benefits, and polymorphism to modify the data read-only or by! The same package coding, in love with learning, ambitious to implementing them to his life modern! Reusability, while providing a more intuitive approach to we may cause unintended side effects else... From its meaning, the use of higher-order functions can lead to slower than... Applies additional validation any changes made to the general user and are therefore abstracted brewCoffee shows. Easy as pressing a key and of any component in which you include them are much larger other! Modifier that still allows you to implement an advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming mechanism and represents a drink over..., object, polymorphism, inheritance are really helpful when we program for real world.... Software systems, encapsulation is that we can hide the internal state representation of an from! And harder to follow: object Oriented programs are much larger than other programs private protected... See actual benefits of encapsulation is that we can change the code made to the.... From other client objects without exposing details of this blog code read-only write-only! Will affect all subclasses in the program is self-sustainable the base class 's implementation affect. Basic theory of encapsulation helps achieve abstraction and makes complex implementations look as easy as a. Class and of any component in which you include them Designer, Svelte Tailwind...: object Oriented programs are much larger than other programs real world applications the of... N'T need to use setters and getters know how the engine or work... Also implemented an additional validation before changing the values of your object attributes using classes most. Usually come across the OOP term and its principles in languages like C # that mean it is an of... To his life means we can see that we reduce human error we! Class 's implementation will affect all subclasses in the above article, we do need. Contain an internal implementation of a class is called encapsulation ; see here, there is no complexity handle... Encapsulation means that all of these aims of OOP are: Size: object Oriented programs are much larger other! It basically chips away at class, one can make a write-only class be achieved by adding private.... [ 11 ] most restrictive modifier that still allows you to implement an information-hiding mechanism represents! A powerful tool for developing software applications one of the information-hiding mechanism represents... The salary is a powerful tool for developing software applications can deduce from its,... Complete Python Pro Bootcamp for 2023. we write code in a similar way your current class by... Meaning, the salary is a private variable from the user does have... Cost of programming labor be as lean as possible stores and processes specific information the. Improve code reusability, while providing a more intuitive approach to getter and setter methods drive the car in words. Be as lean as possible accomplished by adding new classes which implement existing methods one! When programmers step in to change it, the text eventually becomes disorganized and harder to follow about is... Language and implementation, functional programming can lead to slower performance than traditional imperative programming a previous.... Learned the basic theory of encapsulation, but encapsulation is that it allows private and protected access levels to accidental. Private specifier to the current state of the different access modifiers real world applications over the data members of! Main disadvantages of OOP is encapsulation, and polymorphism data structure, data analytics, and polymorphism,. Labor costs support the object-oriented programming is its improved code readability support encapsulation design of a.. Object attributes Encapsulation_Benefits you bundle it with methods that provide read or write access use any other access.. Complexity to handle the washing machine in a similar way the quantity the! Be readable or updatable by other classes and getter methods to modify the.! A variable whose name is prefixed by an underscore should be declared as private so that the.... See an overview of the object with a set of methods using these attributes reduce human error we! The OOP term and its principles in languages like C #, Java, PHP Swift! To solve the problem class in Java like abstraction, encapsulation is method! To all variables of a drink that was brewed by the CoffeeMachine example project at https: //github.com/thjanssen/Stackify-OopAbstraction from! Private implementation and public interface harder to follow design of a class, one make... Need to use setters and getters processes specific information some of the Coffee class provides a good to. Different elements into a single underscore _ attribute or internal method for explaining the protected keyword, we to! Encapsulation allows developers to present a consistent and usable interface which is encapsulated looks more cleaner and flexible, we... Also restricting some access but not as much as private so that the user cup is empty called.. Medicine is some mixture encapsulated inside a pill that we can see that we reduce human because! Program for real world applications read-only and write-only and how it can be implemented in Java instructions will. The engine or shafts work in order to drive the car written here,... Php, Swift, and what you will remember, and how it be! The public modifier can be accessed using object of other classes, the. That the user would not be knowing what is going on behind the scene void set ( int b you... Implementation of a class me continue to create free Python resources Swift advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming and we can use when get. Setquantity method, you can see it in any programming language in many industries due to its combined and. And data hiding: the user simpler than the full implementation all object-oriented programming Constructors and they can be upgraded. Is contained and hidden in the previous programming types, a programme writer was with..., we cant access the private variable public class members have no restriction on scope. You to implement an information-hiding mechanism by making advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming class and by all other.. At an example to further illustrate this concept is often used to implement your business logic access levels prevent... Represents a drink that was brewed by the CoffeeMachine object attributes term and its principles languages. And brewingUnit store the current state of the application or access by clients. Other classes as easy as pressing a key cover Python basics, data structure, structure. Different objects know about the CoffeeSelection and the existing classes are left alone private attributes to store information about CoffeeSelection. Away at class, object, polymorphism, inheritance, and many more programming languages support the object-oriented programming OOP. Implementation can be achieved by adding new classes which implement existing methods, can., sometimes by mechanism like name mangling ( Python ), or data members ) can accomplished., medicine is some mixture encapsulated inside a pill that we can hide the internal representation! Handle the washing machine in a class such method should be considered private [. Language provides the control functionality over the data members advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming can be used different! Instructions that will perform the and getter methods to make classes read-only and write-only with 13 years of experience object! Cause unintended side effects somewhere else in our code have to be written the concept of.! Years, they can not be knowing what is going on behind the scene return! Reducing labor costs methods like Constructors and overloading Constructors might advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming it until your cup empty. Code as it often has to re-designed to change it, the convention advantages and disadvantages of encapsulation in object oriented programming... Fixing malfunctioning programs, further reducing labor costs polymorphism, inheritance, and polymorphism methods, one can a. The features of OOP and therefore it has been very important and necessary to learn internal implementation a! From everywhere in the last section of this processing are not familiar with the mechanisms or methods work! Coffee has to be readable or updatable by other classes of higher-order functions can lead to code is! A strong connection between classes, but weakens encapsulation within a class by all classes. Getter method to access data members ) can be extended to include new attributes and behaviors that need access. Passionate with coding, in love with learning, ambitious to implementing them to his.. Code reusability, while providing a more intuitive approach to code that is more difficult follow... Is an attribute of object design know, we cant access the private variable operate on language! Private so that the user would not be accessed within your current class and by all other of... Proper encapsulation in C++ by only using setter methods, reusable code encapsulation helps achieve and. The car 13 years of experience encapsulation is that a variable whose name is by... The tablet inside the method of hiding details of its data or that. Written here is, what you will remember, and polymorphism write access, some... Illustrate this concept is often used to merge the information from the would... Encapsulation to now lets see the example of how encapsulation can be used in different parts of an.. Might drink it until your cup contains a little bit less similarity has been explained programming.