[2]:169 In France, they were used as slave labour on farms and in factories. Find (Attr.) After . Many musicians have expressed admiration for Reinhardt, including guitarist Jimmy McCulloch, classical guitarist Julian Bream; country artist Chet Atkins, who placed Reinhardt #1 on a list of the ten greatest guitarists of the twentieth century; Latin rocker Carlos Santana; blues legend B.B. "[11]:145 During this period he continued to attend the R-26 artistic salon in Montmartre, improvising with his devoted collaborator, Stphane Grappelli. I chose his style because it spoke to me. Reinhardt survived World War II unscathed, unlike many other Gypsies who perished in concentration camps. Born into and raised along the caravan trail traveled by a tribe of French gypsies, or Manouches, Reinhardt developed a taste for music early on under the influence of a nomadic culture that was a rich melee of world music tastes. Django-style enthusiast John Jorgenson has been quoted as saying: Django's guitar playing always has so much personality in it, and seems to contain such joy and feeling that it is infectious. On the night of 2 November 1928, Reinhardt was going to bed in the wagon that he and his wife shared in the caravan. [46][47], Woody Allen's film Sweet and Lowdown (1999), the story of a Django Reinhardt-like character, mentions Reinhardt and includes actual recordings in the film. His father was Jean Eugene Weiss and his mother was Laurence Reinhardt. In the climax of the movies, his hands are smashed by his enemies and he is forced to fire a gun with his wounded hands. Jazz guitarist Frank Vignola says that nearly every major popular-music guitarist in the world has been influenced by Reinhardt. [2] In February 2017, the Berlin International Film Festival held the world premiere of the French film Django. "[64], Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin: "Django Reinhardt was fantastic. After Reinhardt died, his younger brother Joseph at first swore to abandon music, but he was persuaded to perform and record again. Neill, Billy & Gates, E. (compilers) (c. 1945). However, they parted shortly after the accident. Garcia was quoted in June 1985 in Frets Magazine: His technique is awesome! On a few occasions he even refused to get out of bed. Reinhardt developed a reputation among his band, fans, and managers as extremely unreliable. "Woody Allen movie resurrects music of jazz great Reinhardt", "Django Reinhardt Jattendrai Swing 1939 live", "The Hot Jazz: Le Hot Club de France, Vols. Django Reinhardt married Florine Mayer in 1927 according to gypsy custom although their marriage was not registered, and therefore not recognised under French law. Doctors believed that he would never play guitar again. This also led to him developing a unique technique, in which he could play with only his remaining fingers. In his earliest recordings Reinhardt played banjo (or, more accurately, banjo-guitar) accompanying accordionists and singers on dances and popular tunes of the day, with no jazz content, whereas in the last recordings before his death he played amplified guitar in the bebop idiom with a pool of younger, more modern French musicians. Later in his career, Reinhardt played with Dizzy Gillespie in France. (The swinging sound of Venuti's jazz violin and Eddie Lang's virtuoso guitar-playing anticipated the more famous sound of Reinhardt and Grappelli's later ensemble.) [53] Reinhardt is celebrated annually in the village of Liberchies, his birthplace. He died of cerebral haemorrhage. Despite his exceptional natural talent, during his early career, Reinhardt, unexplicably, could neither read nor write music and was barely literate at all. Beginning in 1933, all German Romani were barred from living in cities, herded into settlement camps, and routinely sterilized. A number of musicians named their sons Django in reference to Reinhardt, including David Crosby, former Slade singer Noddy Holder, Jerry Jeff Walker, Richard Durrant, and actors Nana Visitor and Raphael Sbarge. "[8], Feeling unappreciated by critics and not accepted by French authorities as the legal heir of Django, Lousson retired from playing in 1980. He was declared dead on arrival at the hospital in Fontainebleau. Romani-French jazz guitarist and composer. The Allman Brothers Band song Jessica was written by Dickey Betts in tribute to Reinhardt (he wanted to write a song that could be played using only two fingers). Jean Reinhardt, known by his Romani nickname Django, was a Romani-Belgian jazz guitarist and composer. Reinhardt kehitti uuden jazzkitaran soittotyylin, joka teki suuren vaikutuksen hnt seuranneisiin kitaristeihin. Reinhardt's talents and reputation as a musician in the city rose steadily, until, at the age of 18, Django knocked over a candle on his way to bed after returning home late one night after a performance. [16], After parting from his wife and son, Reinhardt traveled throughout France, getting occasional jobs playing music at small clubs. By the mid-1930s, he had also started playing with the violinist Stphane Grappelli, and with her, he formed the Quintet of the Hot Club. 1951 Django Reinhardt and the Hot Club Quintet, 1954 The Great Artistry of Django Reinhardt, 1980 Routes to Django Reinhardt - Bireli Lagrene, 2002 Djangology (remastered) (recorded in 1948, discovered, remastered and released by Bluebird Records), 2003 Jazz in Paris: Nuits de Saint-Germain des-Prs. Reinhardt refused the surgery and was eventually able to walk with the aid of a cane. Archtop Magazine, March 1988; reproduced in Cruickshank, 1994, p. 47. In the fifties, bebop superseded swing in jazz, rock and roll took off, and electric instruments became dominant in popular music. A small number of waltzes composed by Reinhardt in his youth were never recorded by the composer, but were retained in the repertoire of his associates and several are still played today. [2]:154[25] Nonetheless, Goebbels stopped short of a complete ban on jazz, which now had many fans in Germany and elsewhere. He knocked over a candle, which ignited the extremely flammable celluloid that his wife used to make artificial flowers. In August 1934, he made other recordings with more than one guitar (Joseph Reinhardt, Roger Chaput, and Reinhardt), including the first recording by the Quintette. Este considerat unul din cei mai mari chitariti de jazz ai tuturor timpurilor i este primul muzician de talie mondial "produs" de continentul european. Django Reinhardt was inducted into the Grammy Hall of fame as well as into the Jazz Hall of Fame. He also experimented with classical composition, writing a Mass for the Gypsies and a symphony. He was sent back to Paris, where he tried developing other forms of music since the Nazis completely disapproved of jazz. His music suffered as he became increasingly moody and unreliable. The couple escaped, but Reinhardt suffered extensive burns over half his body. Django's compositions were sometimes jaunty, sometimes sad. Jeff Rush Mon, 15 Jun 2009 20:48:33 -0700 Michael Schurter wrote: > > Speaking of protecting the logo, my wife contacted the PSF a couple > weeks ago about using the logo on a small run of laptop sleeves she's > crafting. [19]:93 The single sold over 100,000 copies. They were also famous for using an inventive style of employing their guitars for percussion purposes, as they had no true percussion section. In 1965, he had his first short-lived marriage to Carla Evonne Stewart, which ended after only one year of wedlock. It was then, in 1932 or 1933, that a friend of his invited him up to his apartment to listen to some records. Reinhardt was touring in England when the World War II broke out. SonicHits. He had to eventually return to France, as though he was promised jobs in California, he was not granted any. The concept of "lead guitar" (Django) and backing "rhythm guitar" (Joseph Reinhardt/Roger Chaput or Pierre Ferret) was born with this band. Paris, 1945. As Lousson Baumgartner, the son himself became an accomplished musician who went on to record with his biological father. He became adept at stealing chickens. Information med symbolet hentes fra Wikidata. Jean "Django" Reinhardt (23. tammikuuta 1910 Liberchies, Belgia - 16. toukokuuta 1953 Fontainebleau, Ranska) oli belgialainen jazzkitaristi.Hn oli aikansa suurin jazzkitaristi ja merkittvin eurooppalainen muusikko jazzin historiassa. His legacy was in part, created when he was caught in a large fire at a young age. I mean, the combination of incredible speed all the speed you could possibly want but also the thing of every note have a specific personality. Joseph's son Markus Reinhardt is a violinist in the Romani style. The caravan which Reinhardt shared with his wife caught fire one night . [8] His mother, Laurence Reinhardt, was a dancer. No one thought he would play again. Jean "Django" Reinhardt[1][2] (French: [do jnat] or [do ent]; 23 January 1910 - 16 May 1953) was a Belgium-born French guitarist and composer of Romani ethnicity. His relative association of experience, reinforced by a profound rational knowledge of his instrument; the guitar's possibilities and limitations; his love for music and the expression of itall are a necessary adjunct to the means of expressing these emotions.[36]. Gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt was the first famous European jazz musician. A: And did you notate the music? Dallas Baumgartner, a great-grandson by Lousson, is a guitarist who travels with the Romani and keeps a low public profile. Oxford;: Oxford University Press, 2004. In 1928, Grappelli had been a member of the orchestra at the Ambassador Hotel while bandleader Paul Whiteman and Joe Venuti were performing there. Django Reinhardt was a resilient and world-renowned Roma musician. [39], For about a decade after Reinhardt's death, interest in his musical style was minimal. His father was named Jean Eugene Weiss, but used the alias "Jean-Baptiste Reinhard" on the birth certificate to hide from French military . The names "Gagoug" and "Choti" were reportedly conferred by Django's widow Naguine on request from Matelo, who had learned the tunes without names. DR: No, it's not I who notates the music. Django Reinhardt nat le 23 janvier 1910 en Belgique, dans une famille sinti . One night, Django came home and accidentally knocked over a candle on his way to bed. [13]:9 On these recordings, made in 1928, Reinhardt plays the "banjo" (actually the banjo-guitar) accompanying the accordionists Maurice Alexander, Jean Vaissade and Victor Marceau, and the singer Maurice Chaumel. Django: the Life and Music of a Gypsy Legend . [13]:12, While developing his interest in jazz, Reinhardt met Stphane Grappelli, a young violinist with similar musical interests. Django's father was a talented musician and it was from him that he learned his first instrument, the violin, as a young child around camp fires. He was just 43 years old. Once the war ended, he spent some time touring the US. With first and second-degree burns covering half of his body, the doctors warned Django that he would never play the guitar again due to his badly burnt left hand, and what more they would have to amputate his paralyzed right leg. [55] The Allman Brothers Band song "Jessica" was written by Dickey Betts in tribute to Reinhardt. But one evening, he inadvertently dropped a candle in their caravan, and only just escaped the fire that claimed their home. The Django web framework, a Python web framework, was named after Reinhardt. According to jazz guitarist Frank Vignola, almost every one of the worlds major guitarists have been influenced by Reinhardt. Despite his left hand handicap, Reinhardt was able to recapture (in modified form) and then surpass his previous level of proficiency on the guitar (by now his main instrument), not only as a lead instrumental voice but also as a driving and harmonically interesting rhythm player; his virtuosity, incorporating many gypsy-derived influences, was also matched with a superb sense of melodic invention as well as general musicality in terms of choice of notes, timing, dynamics, and utilizing the maximum tonal range from an instrument previously thought of by many critics as potentially limited in expression. With the addition of amplification, his playing became more linear and "horn like", with the greater facility of the amplified instrument for longer sustain and to be heard in quiet passages, and in general less reliance on his gypsy "bag of tricks" as developed for his acoustic guitar style (also, in some of his late recordings, with a very different supporting group context from his "classic", pre-war Quintette sound). [1] Henri/Lousson learned to play guitar from his relatives; he is pictured playing with Django and others in a photograph dating from the mid 1940s[2] and played rhythm guitar with Django's "Nouveau Quintette" on a tour of Belgium in November-December 1948, of which an official release exists. Reinhardt was attracted to music at an early age, first playing the violin. It was released on 2 June 2015, by Legacy Recordings. It was a Saturday, and it took a full day for a doctor to arrive. Both his sons, Lousson and Babik, also followed in his footsteps and became jazz guitarists. However, they parted shortly after the accident. Reinhardt, who was of Roma (Gypsy) parentage, traveled through France and Belgium as a boy and young man learning to play the violin, guitar, and banjo. He skipped sold-out concerts to "walk to the beach" or "smell the dew. In 1951, he retired to Samois sur Seine, France, near Fontainebleau. The festival was organized by George Wein. Henri Baumgartner), played jazz in a mostly bebop style in the 1950s and 1960s. He reportedly had either ten [9] or sixteen children. He was once captured but a jazz loving German officer helped him escape. The story of Django Reinhardt, famous guitarist and composer, and his flight from German-occupied Paris in 1943. [23], While he tried to continue with his music, war with the Nazis presented Reinhardt with a potentially catastrophic obstacle, as he was a Romani jazz musician. Reinhardt was a Roma jazz musician. Sultan of Swing: the Complete Gramophone Hmv Swing Recordings 1936 - 1953 They came to light via recordings by Matelo Ferret in 1960 (the waltzes "Montagne Sainte-Genevieve", "Gagoug", "Chez Jacquet" and "Choti"; Disques Vogue (F)EPL7740) and 1961 ("Djalamichto" and "En Verdine"; Disques Vogue (F)EPL7829). The son eventually took the surname of his mother's new husband. Even today, nobody has really come to the state that he was playing at. Born with inborn musical skills, he was mostly self-taught. Well, it could be because he follows his musical taste and not his fingers. He used three guitarists along with an accordion lead, violin, and bass. A third generation of direct descendants has developed as musicians: David Reinhardt, Reinhardt's grandson (by his son Babik), leads his own trio. Some claim it means I awake in Romani, while others state it was just a different version of Jean. Jean "Django" Reinhardt (23 January 1910 - 16 May 1953) was a Belgian guitarist and composer credited with popularizing Gypsy jazz, as well as conceptualizing the style together with several other Gypsy musicians.Reinhardt's nickname purportedly means "I Awake" in the Romani language, however it may also simply have been a diminutive, or local Walloon version, of "Jean". Even more, I studied his gentleness. Show all results: [73] A few fragments of film performance (without original sound) also survive, as does one complete performance with sound, of the tune "J'Attendrai" performed with the Quintet in 1938 for the short film Le Jazz Hot. Whilst his solos became less chordal and his lines more Christian-like, he retained his originality. He was also a painter, fly fisher and billiard player. During World War II both Roma and jazz musicians were targeted by the Nazi regime. Django is on top form; full of new ideas that are executed with amazing fluidity, cutting angular lines that always retain that ferocious swing.[38]. Since he did not read music, Reinhardt worked with an assistant to notate what he was improvising. Reinhardt's first attempt at escape from Occupied France led to capture. He was one of the first major jazz talents to emerge in Europe and has been hailed as one of its most significant exponents.[2][3]. This was in part due to the help of a Luftwaffe official named Dietrich Schulz-Khn, also known as "Doktor Jazz," who deeply admired Reinhardt's music. Even the few times he does not quite make his ideas flow out flawlessly it is still so exciting that mistakes don't matter! It's the first time I have heard the composition on the organ. . Often regarded as the first important European jazz musician who made major contributions to the development of the idiom, he is also revered by guitarists worldwide as among the foremost exponents of the instrument. He nearly lost his life when the caravan he shared with his wife accidentally caught fire. Jean "Django" Reinhardt, born in Liberchies, Belgium on January 23, 1910, became such a legend even during his lifetime that his public admirers always wanted to know his latest moves, even when the man himself wanted solitude. [39] Because of his physical disability, he played mainly using his index and middle fingers, and invented a distinctive style of jazz guitar. Babik Reinhardt Grateful Dead's Jerry Garcia and Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, both of whom lost fingers in accidents, were inspired by Reinhardt's example of becoming an accomplished guitar player despite his injuries. Denny Laine and Jimmy McCulloch, members of Paul McCartney's band Wings, have mentioned him as an inspiration. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. [21], Reinhardt also played and recorded with many American jazz musicians, such as Adelaide Hall, Coleman Hawkins, Benny Carter, and Rex Stewart (who later stayed in Paris). [24] During the war, Romani were systematically killed in concentration camps. An injury in a fire could have ended Django Reinhardt's career. Born in Belgium and raised in a gypsy camp near Paris, he first learned to play the violin, but later switched to banjo-guitar. He played with many musicians and composers, such as Maury Deutsch. Managed by: Private User. He was later married to Sophie Ziegler from 1943 till his death in 1953. In his apartment, he would sometimes leave water running to mimic the sound of a stream, and he hated electric lights preferring instead lanterns. Therefore, he returned to France. He knocked over a candle, which ignited the extremely flammable celluloid that his wife used to make artificial flowers. The entire left side of his body was badly burned and to spend 18 months in hospital. Django also worked on composing a Mass for use by the gypsies, which was not completed although an 8-minute extract exists, played by the organist Lo Chauliac for Reinhardt's benefit, via a 1944 radio broadcast; this can be found on the CD release "Gipsy Jazz School" and also on volume 12 of the "Intgrale Django Reinhardt" CD compilation.[c]. [a] Dallas was raised by his great-aunt Kali, Lousson's half-sister, referred to as "Madame Rose" in Dregni's 2008 account, and retains private recordings of Lousson, a number of which have been published by him via YouTube. On the night of November 2, 1928, Reinhardt was in his caravan home with his wife when paper flowers she had been making caught on fire, quickly engulfing the small space in flames. It is very difficult to achieve the same tone, articulation and clarity using all 5 left hand fingers. Unlike the estimated 600,000 Romani people who were interned and killed in the Porajmos, the Romani Holocaust, Reinhardt survived the war. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. Hugues Panassi, in his 1942 book The Real Jazz, wrote: First of all, his instrumental technique is vastly superior to that of all other jazz guitarists. When their set ended, Cantor rose to his feet, then went up on stage and kissed Reinhardt's hand, paying no concern to the audience. Also in the neighborhood was the artistic salon R-26, at which Reinhardt and Grappelli performed regularly as they developed their unique musical style. Jean Reinhardt (23 January 1910 - 16 May 1953) stage name Django Reinhardt was a Belgian-born Romani-French jazz guitarist, musician and composer, regarded as one of the greatest musicians of the twentieth century.He was the first jazz talent to emerge from Europe and remains the most significant. (Organ continues to play), Dregni, Michael. Tears by Django Reinhardt | Practicing guitar improvisation for the minor part. Wherever he stayed, in fact, became an encampment for his extended family. I Nationalencyklopedin beskrivs han som "en av jazzens mest virtuosa och stilbildande gitarrister". The thinking man's pop!". Reinhardt was the most famous jazz musician in Europe at the time, working steadily during the early war years and earning a great deal of money, yet always under threat. Django Reinhardt and Duke Ellington. Jean Reinhardt (23 January 1910 16 May 1953), known by his Romani nickname Django (French:[do jnat] or [do ent]), was a Romani-Belgian jazz guitarist and composer. Lousson was frequently on the road in the 1950s and 1960s and never recorded commercially except for an unreleased 1960s studio recording from Paris with violinist Vivian Villerstein.[3]. . Gypsies, frequently on the road and often with much time available to fill with the pursuit of art, were perfect conduits for the world music spirit. The recording was issued for the first time in the late 1950s. Instead, he reinvented the jazz guitar and became a legend. Select from premium (Attr.) In fact, Byrd, who lived from 1925 to 1999, said that Reinhardt was his primary influence. He continued to play in Paris jazz clubs and began playing electric guitar. 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